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Writer's pictureNancy Ogbonna
Nov 199 min read

The Aftermath of Hurricane Milton - Health Risks and First Aid

Updated: Nov 22

Introduction 


In the aftermath of Hurricane Milton, Floridians and affected communities are facing enormous challenges. The storm has damaged homes, disrupted lives, and put people’s health at serious risk.

Written By: Nancy Ogbonna– Medical Writer and Health Advocate

Beyond the visible destruction, the lingering dangers are significant. Floodwaters and broken infrastructure have led to widespread health concerns, like exposure to unsafe water and increased chances of disease. 


A recently published study in Nature found that most hurricane-related deaths aren't from drowning or flying debris but from the serious disruptions hurricanes bring to people’s lives. Being forced out of homes, losing access to healthcare, financial struggles, and high stress levels all contribute to a decline in health, which often shortens lives over time. Unfortunately, with limited access to healthcare and delayed emergency responses, these risks are even harder to manage.


For those affected, these are not just numbers—they’re real, daily struggles. Families are working not only to rebuild their homes but also to protect their loved ones from injury and illness. 


Here, we’ll go over essential first aid and health precautions to help support those facing these challenges.


Health Risks Post-Hurricane 

Immediate Health Risks 


The hours and days after a hurricane are important. Amid the shock and overwhelming loss, survivors are often met with a dangerous mix of health hazards that demand urgent attention:

Injuries From Debris and Collapsed Structures


After a hurricane, the environment can become a confusing and dangerous mix of debris, including fallen trees, broken glass, and damaged buildings. For those going outside, the risk of injury is significantly raised.


After Hurricane Helene hit Hillsborough County, which includes Tampa, Assistant County Administrator for Public Works Kimberly Byer explained in an email on Wednesday that loose debris can turn into dangerous projectiles in high winds, posing risks of injury and property damage.

Electrical Hazards


Another pressing issue is the threat of electrical hazards. Downed power lines and damaged electrical systems can create serious dangers. 


When Hurricane Hugo hit northeastern Puerto Rico on September 18, 1989, downed power lines created serious risks for electric repair crews and local residents alike. Tragically, six men lost their lives in separate incidents caused by these electrical hazards, with five of these deaths occurring in work-related situations.

Power Outages and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning


The aftermath often leaves communities without electricity, making power outages common.


NBC News reports that, over a week after Hurricane Helene hit Florida on September 26, some communities are still cut off, hundreds of thousands remain without power, and unreliable service is making it hard for people to stay connected.


This loss can create many challenges, such as food spoilage and disruptions in medical care. Families relying on generators for power face the added risk of carbon monoxide poisoning, which can be a silent but serious threat. Experts at the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) have issued a warning about the serious dangers of carbon monoxide (CO).

Contaminated Drinking Water and Food Supplies


Six days after Hurricane Helene hit Florida, thousands of North Carolina residents were reported to be without access to running water.


Hurricanes frequently cause floods that contaminate water supplies with chemicals, sewage, and debris. Access to clean drinking water becomes limited, leaving people vulnerable to illnesses like gastrointestinal infections, cholera, and hepatitis A. Food shortages and power outages increase the risk of consuming spoiled or contaminated food, further increasing these risks.


Long term Health Concerns 


Chronic respiratory illnesses


Continuous exposure to mold and pollutants after a hurricane can lead to long-term respiratory problems, like chronic bronchitis and aggravated asthma. Each hurricane season adds to these risks, especially for those who may not be able to fully repair their homes. 


Increased vector borne diseases


The Richmond County Health Department recently confirmed that mosquito numbers have risen since Hurricane Helene.7


Floodwaters create ideal conditions for diseases spread by mosquitoes, like West Nile virus, while crowded shelters raise the risk of flu, COVID-19, and other infectious illnesses. 

These combined factors can put significant strain on healthcare resources and impact entire communities over time.

Poor Access to Healthcare

Accessing healthcare becomes a real challenge, especially for people with chronic conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension during hurricanes. These disruptions can make it tough to manage their conditions, often leading to missed medications, delayed care, and worsening health. The long-term impact on their wellbeing can be significant.


Mental Health Challenges

The mental health effects of a hurricane last long after the storm has passed. Many people experience ongoing feelings of fear, anxiety, and depression, which can persist for years. Rebuilding homes, jobs, and communities is a difficult and ongoing process that may contribute to lasting mental health issues. Unfortunately, resources for mental health support are often limited in the aftermath of a disaster, leaving many survivors feeling isolated in their struggles.

Basic First Aid  for Common Post-Hurricane Injuries

Let’s go through some important first aid techniques for common injuries after a hurricane. This will help you be ready to care for yourself and your loved ones during challenging times.

Cuts and wounds


After a hurricane, the area can be filled with broken glass, fallen branches, and other sharp debris. It's important to be mindful of potential cuts and injuries as you move about.




First Aid Tips:

1. Clean the wound: Rinse the cut gently with clean water to remove any dirt or debris. Avoid using harsh soaps or chemicals.


2. Stop the bleeding: Apply gentle pressure with a clean cloth or bandage. If the bleeding doesn’t stop, keep applying pressure and elevate the injured area.


3. Cover the wound: Once the bleeding is under control, apply an antibiotic ointment and cover it with a sterile bandage to help prevent infection.


4. Monitor for infection: Keep an eye out for signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, or discharge. If you notice any of these symptoms, seek medical attention.



Burns From Electrical or Fire Hazards


Hurricanes can cause power outages, leading many people to rely on generators or candles, which increases the risk of burns from electrical hazards or fire. It's important to treat burns quickly and correctly.


First Aid Tips:

1. Cool the burn: Rinse the burn area with cool (not cold) water for 10–20 minutes. If that's not possible, a clean, damp cloth can help.

   

2. Cover the burn: Gently cover the burn with a sterile, non-stick bandage or cloth to protect it from further injury or infection.

   

3. Avoid home remedies: Please don’t apply ice, butter, or ointments to the burn, as these can make the injury worse.

   

4. Seek medical help: For severe burns – those that blister, char the skin, or cover a large area – get emergency medical assistance right away.



Heat Exhaustion and Dehydration


With power outages affecting air conditioning and refrigeration, many Floridians face the dual threat of heat exhaustion and dehydration.


First Aid Tips:

  1. Recognize Symptoms: Look out for heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, extreme thirst, nausea, or headache. If someone shows these signs, it’s important to act quickly.

  2. Move to a Cooler Place: Get the person indoors or into a shaded area, away from direct sunlight.

  3. Rehydrate: Offer water or an electrolyte drink to help replace lost fluids. It's best to avoid caffeine and alcohol.

  4. Cool Down: Apply cool, damp cloths to the skin and encourage the person to rest.


CPR and Resuscitation


In a cardiac emergency, knowing CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) can save a life. CPR is used when someone is unresponsive and not breathing or gasping for air.

Basic CPR Steps:


  1. Check the scene: Make sure the area is safe before approaching the person. Gently tap their shoulder and ask, “Are you okay?”

  2. Call for help: If there’s no response, call 911 right away or ask someone nearby to make the call while you help the person.

  3. Start chest compressions: Place your hands in the center of their chest and push down hard and fast, aiming for 100–120 compressions per minute. Let their chest rise fully between compressions.

  4. Give rescue breaths: If you’re trained, after every 30 compressions, provide 2 rescue breaths. Tilt their head back slightly, pinch their nose, and seal your mouth over theirs.

  5. Keep going until help arrives: Continue CPR until emergency services arrive or the person begins to show signs of life.


Visit the American Red Cross website for more details on CPR.

Steps to reduce health risks post-hurricane

Here’s a list of practical steps you can take to keep yourself safe and healthy after a hurricane.


  • Safety first!

After a hurricane, your safety is the top priority. As you assess any damage, watch out for hazards like downed power lines, flooded areas, and unstable structures. Wearing protective gear—such as gloves, sturdy shoes, and masks—can help keep you safe from injuries and contaminants as you move through debris.


  • Stay hydrated and well-nourished

Access to clean water and food may be limited after a hurricane, so it’s essential to stay hydrated and nourished. If clean water is hard to find, boil it before using it or rely on bottled water. Stock up on non-perishable food items and high-protein snacks to keep your energy up during recovery efforts.


  • Avoid contaminated water and food

Floodwaters can carry contaminants that pose health risks. Avoid drinking water from questionable sources and steer clear of food that may have been exposed to floodwaters. When in doubt, throw it out. Keeping food safe is important in preventing food-borne illnesses during this vulnerable period.


  • Practice good hygiene

Good hygiene is vital for preventing infections after a hurricane. Wash your hands regularly with soap and clean water—this is your best defense against illness. If clean water isn’t available, use hand sanitizer until you can wash your hands properly. Disinfect surfaces and keep your living space as clean as possible to reduce infection risk.


  • Seek medical care when needed

In the aftermath of a hurricane, it’s easy to overlook medical needs. If you have chronic conditions or need medication, reach out to your healthcare provider for refills or to address any health concerns that come up. If you have any injuries or illnesses, don’t hesitate to seek medical attention promptly.


  • Reconnect with your community

Community support is vital during times of crisis. Lean on your neighbors and local organizations for assistance and resources. Get involved in community recovery efforts—working together can build resilience and provide a sense of purpose as you  challenges. Together, you can help each other rebuild and heal.


  • Plan for the future

While dealing with the aftermath of a hurricane can be overwhelming, it’s also a good time to prepare for future storms. Create or update your emergency plan, ensuring you have necessary supplies and resources ready. Stay informed about evacuation routes, shelters, and community resources. Being prepared can empower you and your loved ones to face future challenges with confidence.


Where to Get Support


  • For information on accessing shelters and applying for assistance, please visit disasterassistance.gov. You can also reach out by calling 800-621-3362 or TTY 800-462-7585. 


  • You can also reach out to the American Red Cross for support. If you'd like to help, you can donate at redcross.org/cbs, call 1-800-RED CROSS, or text HURRICANES to 90999 for donations. For full terms, visit redcross.org/m.


  • The Florida Disaster Legal Aid Helpline offers free legal information and advice for anyone facing issues with FEMA assistance or other disaster-related challenges. Residents can call 833-514-2940 for support or apply online.


  • Feeding Tampa Bay is connecting residents with hot meals and food banks. Their disaster readiness team is trained by FEMA and works closely with local emergency management to provide food, water, and hygiene items during crises.


  • For local housing needs, Metro Ministries helps at-risk families in Tampa secure food, housing, and supplies to rebuild their lives after Hurricane Milton. 


Ways You Can Support






  • If you’re a pet owner or an animal lover, you can reach out to the Humane Society of the United States, which is working to transport dogs and cats to safety and assist struggling animal shelters.


  • You can like and follow the social media handles of reputable organizations and charities (like those listed above), repost helpful content like this, and share to friends and loved ones to spread health awareness in these difficult times.

Bottom Line


The devastation left behind by hurricanes is more than just visible destruction. For those affected, like so many Floridians and others across hurricane-prone regions, the aftermath is often the start of another silent battle: protecting health and well-being amid the chaos. But even in tough times, knowing about potential health risks and basic first aid can make a big difference.

Sending love and light to every community going through the aftermath of hurricanes.



References


 

I am Nancy, a medical doctor, writer and creative designer who is dedicated to making a difference in the world of healthcare communication—whether that’s through the written word, striking visuals, or a combination of both.



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